- Terrain Topography between nodes: Is there a hill between?
- Obstructions: Trees, buildings, etc. between nodes will reduce the signal strength.
- Transmitter power and receive sensitivity: Higher power and more sensitive radio gear will improve range (and also increase cost).
- Interference: Background noise, microwave ovens, cordless phones can reduce link range.
- Weather: Rain, snow and ice can reduce signal
strength.
- Antenna type and location: Directional antennas will dramatically improve the link range- properly locating and "aiming" the antennas are a must. The higher an antenna is located above the ground, the better. This is normally accomplished by mounting the antenna on a pole, tower, roof or feed bin.
The short answer depending on the above factors; a link of less than one mile is relatively easy. Increasing the link range beyond 1 mile will take a more "dollar aggressive" approach, but is attainable in
many cases. In an optimum case, (for example level ground-no obstructions, etc.) a range of 4-5 miles is possible. We are aware of several links over 20 miles, but these are rare.